ASTM A193 Grade B16 all thread rods are high strength fasteners manufactured from heat treated Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium steel, quenched and tempered. Added Vanadium allows for operating temperatures higher than that of B7 all thread rod. Dimensional specifications are governed by ASME B18.31.3. Inch series fasteners meeting ASTM A193 Grade B16 specifications are typically used in the power and petrochemical industries on boilers, turbines, and other pressurized equipment with elevated temperatures. ASTM A193 covers the requirements for high temperature and high pressure bolting. A193 B16 all thread rod having diameters above 1" are most common 8UN (8 threads per inch).